Akademik Veri Yönetim Sistemi
Tezin Türü: Yüksek Lisans
Tezin Yürütüldüğü Kurum: İstanbul Ticaret Üniversitesi, Dış Ticaret Enstitüsü, Türkiye
Tezin Onay Tarihi: 2020
Tezin Dili: İngilizce
Öğrenci: YEMİLHAN KAROĞLU
Eş Danışman: KARAKAYA GENCAY, ÖZCAN YUNUS
Özet:ÖZET Ticaret, binlerce yıldır uygarlığın parçası olan bir işbirliği ve iletişim aracı. 20. yüzyılın sonlarına kadar klasik konvansiyonel metotlarla ilerlemiş olan uluslararası ticaretin arka planında ise her zaman rekabet kavramı da var olmuş ve küresel ticarete şekil vermiştir. Sürekli gelişen ve dönüşen ticaret olgusununşekli dönem dönem değiştiyse de, arka planındaki çabası ve mücadelesi hiçdeğişmedi. Yüzyıllar önce gölde balık tutan insanın meyve toplayan insanla ürünlerini değiş-tokuş yapmasındaki amaç ne ise Türkiye’nin bugün 244 ülke ve bölgeye ihracat gerçekleştirmesine ilham kaynağı olanla aynı şey; “Değer Yaratmak” ve “Rekabet avantajını elde etmek”. Bu yüksek lisans tezinde literatürde gelişmekte olan ülkeler grubunda bulunan Brezilya, Rusya, Hindistan, Çin ve Güney Afrika ülkelerinin; Türkiye ile rekabet avantajı yönünden “Karşılaştırmalı Üstünlükler Teorisi” kullanılarak değerlendirilmiştir. Türkiye’nin 2014-2019 yılları arasındaki toplam ihracatına en fazla katkıda bulunan 2’li GTİP kodları tespit edilmiş ve bu GTİP kodları üzerinden BRICS ülkeleri ile söz konusu yıllardaki rekabet durumu ortaya konulmuştur. Geride bıraktığımız son 5 yıllık periyotta ortaya çıkan genel rekabet eğilimi, özellikle belli başlı ürünlerde gelecek yılların tahmininin yapılmasını kolaylaştırmakta ve ülkelerin mevcut dönemdeki rekabet stratejilerini ortaya koymaktadır. Türkiye İhracatçılar Meclisi verileriyle, küresel ithalattaki 2030 perspektifi ortalamalarıyla, ülkelerin çalışmanın incelediği yıllar içerisinde mevcut 2’li HS kod karşılaştırması yapılarak 2030 yolunda mevcut rekabet güçlerini ortaya konmuştur. Anahtar Kelimeler: Uluslararası Ticaret, Açıklanmış Karşılaştırmalı Üstünlük, BRICS Ülkeleri ABSTRACT Trade is a collaboration and communication instrument that has been a part of civilization for many long years. There has been always concept of competition existed in the background of international trade, which has been progressed with classical conventional methods, until the end of the 20th century and this existence has shaped the global trade. Although the form of the constantly developing and transforming trade phenomenon has changed from time to time, the effort and struggle in its background has not changed at all. The purpose of the men fishing in the lake, picking the fruits and exchanging their products with each other centuries ago is the same with the purpose today inspiring us, which is realizing exports to 244 countries and zones (Assembly, 2019) by Turkey today, i. e. “Creating Value” and “Gaining Competitive Advantage”. In this master’s thesis, Brazil, Russia, India, China and South African countries which are classified under the developing countries group in the literature and Turkey have been evaluated by using the “Comparative Advantage Theory”, in terms of their competitive advantage. The binary CTSP codes have been identified of which were contributed most into the total exports of Turkey, within the years between 2014-2019 and then, the competition situation within the said years was set forth over the CTSP codes, by comparing with the BRICS countries. The general competitive tendency that has emerged during the last 5-years of period makes it easier to predict the upcoming years, particularly in the certain products and sets forth of the competitive strategies of the countries in the current period. By using the data of the Turkish Exporters Assembly, the average of global imports perspective in year 2030 have been examined in this study and binary CTSP code comparisons have been made for the examined years and the current competition powers of these countries have been demonstrated and set forth towards the year 2030. Key Words: International Trade, Revealed Comparative Advantage, BRICS Countries CONTENTS ABSTRACT. iv TEŞEKKÜR . v LIST OF TABLES. vi 1. INTRODUCTION. 1 2. RELATED LITERATURE ON THE REVEALED COMPERATIVE ADVANTAGE THEORY . 2 3. METHODOLOGY . 5 4. COMPARISON OF EXPORT AMOUNT OF COUNTRIES BETWEEN 2015- 2019 . 8 5. RCA ANALYSIS OF THE MOST EXPORTED PRODUCTS IN THE SPECIFIED YEARS. 17 5. 1. HS Code 85 “Electrical Machinery and Equipment and Parts Thereof; Sound Recorders And Reproducers, Television . ” . 17 5. 2. HS Code 84 “Machinery, Mechanical Appliances, Nuclear Reactors, Boilers; Parts Thereof”. 21 5. 3. HS Code 27 “Mineral Fuels, Mineral Oils And Products Of Their Distillation; Bituminous Substances; Mineral . ” . 24 5. 4. HS Code 87 “Vehicles other than railway or tramway rolling stock, and parts and accessories thereof” . 27 5. 5. HS Code 71 “Natural or cultured pearls, precious or semi-precious stones, precious metals, metals clad . ”. 31 5. 6. HS Code 39 “Plastics and articles thereof”. 34 5. 7. HS Code 90 “Optical, photographic, cinematographic, measuring, checking, precision, medical or surgical . ”. 37 5. 8. HS Code 30 “Pharmaceutical products” . 40 5. 9. HS Code 99 “Commodities not elsewhere specified” . 43 5. 10 HS Code 29 “Organic chemicals”. 46 5. 11. HS Code 72 “Iron and steel”. 49 5. 12. HS Code 88 “Aircraft, spacecraft, and parts thereof”. 52 5. 13. HS Code 73 “Articles of iron or steel” . 55 5. 14. HS Code ’94 “Furniture; bedding, mattresses, mattress supports, cushions and similar stuffed furnishings; . ” . 58 5. 15. HS Code 61 “Articles of apparel and clothing accessories, knitted or crocheted”. 61 5. 16. HS Code 62 “Articles of apparel and clothing accessories, not knitted or crocheted”. 64 5. 17. HS Code 26 “Ores, slag and ash”. 67 5. 18. HS Code 38 “Miscellaneous chemical products”. 70 5. 19. HS Code 40 “Rubber and articles thereof”. 73 5. 20. HS Code 76 “Aluminum and articles thereof” . 76 6. RCA RANKINGS & FUTURE EXPECTATIONS . 79 7. CONCLUSION & POLICY RECOMMENDATIONS. 82 REFERENCES. 85