Akademik Veri Yönetim Sistemi
Tezin Türü: Yüksek Lisans
Tezin Yürütüldüğü Kurum: İstanbul Ticaret Üniversitesi, Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü, Türkiye
Tezin Onay Tarihi: 2021
Tezin Dili: İngilizce
Öğrenci: ARAILYM NURGAZINA
Danışman: KASIMOĞLU MURAT
Özet:ÖZET Bu çalışmanın amacı, turizm şirketlerinde örgüt ikliminin; sürdürülebilir rekabet gücüne ve performasına etkilerinin, analizidir. Örgüt iklimi, örgütteki psikolojik ortam ve yönetim uygulamalarına yönelik çalışanların algılamalarıdır. Çalışmanın evreni; Bolu’da 32 adet bakanlık belgeli turizm tesislerinde çalışan toplam 6. 370 kişi olup örneklem sayısı ise olarak 324 kişidir. Bu çalışmanın veri toplama aracı olan anket 4 kısımdan oluşmuştur, bunlar; birinci kısmında personel information, ikinci kısmında örgüt iklimi ölçeği üçüncü kısmında sürdürülebilir rekabet ölçeği ve son kısmında işletme performansı ölçeği yer almaktadır. Uygulama verilerinin sağlanabilmesi amacıyla bu çalışmada kullanılan ölçekler; daha önce farklı çalışmalarda kullanılmış olduğundan ve güvenirlir oldukları beyan edilmiştir. Bu çalışma için yapılan regresyon analiz sonucunda: iletişimin, işletmelerin maliyet liderliği ve rekabet üstünlüğü üzerinde negatif bir etkisinin olduğu; çalışanlar arası iletişimin, stratejik kararsızlık üzerinde negatif bir etkisinin olduğu; örgüt ikliminin stratejik kararsızlık üzerinde pozitif bir etkisinin olduğu; bağ kurmanın, stratejik kararsızlık üzerinde negatif bir etkisinin olduğu ve adaletin, maliyet liderliği rekabet üstünlüğü üzerinde pozitif bir etkisinin olduğu tespit edilmiştir. Anahtar Kelimeler: Örgüt İklimi, İşletme Performansı, Rekabet Gücü, Turizm. ABSTRACT The aim of this study is to determine the organizational climate in tourism companies; is the analysis of its effects on sustainable competitiveness and performance. Organizational climate is the perceptions of employees about the psychological environment and management practices in the organization. The universe of the study; There are 6,370 people working in 32 tourism facilities with ministry certificate in Bolu, and the sample number is 324 people. The questionnaire, which is the data collection tool of this study, consists of 4 parts, these are; The first part includes personnel information, the second part includes organizational climate scale, the third part includes sustainable competition scale, and the last part includes business performance scale. The scales used in this study in order to provide application data; It has been declared that they have been used in different studies before and that they are reliable. As a result of the regression analysis for this study: communication has a negative effect on cost leadership and competitive advantage of enterprises; communication among employees has a negative effect on strategic indecision; organizational climate has a positive effect on strategic indecision; It has been determined that link building has a negative effect on strategic indecision and fairness has a positive effect on cost leadership competitive advantage. Keywords: Organizational Climate, Business Performance, Competitiveness, Tourism. CONTENTS ÖZET . v ABSTRACT. vi ACKNOWLEDGMENT . vii CONTENTS . viii LIST OF TABLES. xiv LIST OF FIGURES. xv ABBREVIATIONS LIST. xvi CHAPTER I . 1 1. INTRODUCTION . 1 CHAPTER II. 3 2. ORGANIZATIONAL CLIMATE. 3 2. 1. Organizational Climate Conceptual Framework . 3 2. 1. 1. The Concept of Organizational Climate . 3 2. 1. 2. Purpose of Organizational Climate . 3 2. 1. 3. The Importance of Organizational Climate . 3 2. 2. Organizational Climate Factors. 4 2. 2. 1. Justice. 4 2. 2. 2. Linking. 4 2. 2. 3. Dialog. 4 2. 2. 4. Risk Taking Behavior . 5 2. 2. 5. Sincerity . 5 2. 2. 6. Taking Responsibility . 5 2. 2. 7. Promoting and Rewarding Organizational Structure . 5 2. 3. Organization Climate Approaches . 6 2. 3. 1. Perceptual Approach . 6 2. 3. 2. Structural Approach . 6 2. 3. 3. Interaction Approach. 7 2. 3. 4. Cultural Approach. 7 2. 4. Organization Climate Types. 8 2. 4. 1. Good-Natured Climate. 8 2. 4. 2. Friendly Climate . 9 2. 4. 3. Controlled Climate. 9 2. 4. 5. Indoor Climate . 10 2. 4. 6. DemocraticAlly Structured Climate. 10 2. 4. 7. Autocratic Climate . 11 2. 4. 8. Climate for Success. 11 2. 5. Organizational Climate Dimensions. 11 2. 5. 1. Scheneider’e Organizational Climate Dimensions By. 11 2. 5. 2. Zammuto and Krackover’e Organizational Climate Dimensions By . 12 2. 5. 3. Lussier’e Organizational Climate Dimensions By. 13 2. 5. 4. Litwin and Stringer’e Organizational Climate Dimensions By. 13 2. 5. 5. Koy and DeCotiis’e Organizational Climate Dimensions By . 16 2. 5. 6. Yücel Ertekin’e Organizational Climate Dimensions By. 16 CHAPTER III. 18 3. COMPETITIVENESS. 18 3. 1. Competition-Related Concepts. 18 3. 1. 1. Competition Concept . 18 3. 1. 2. Competitiveness Concept. 18 3. 1. 3. Competition Policy Concept . 19 3. 1. 4. Purpose of Providing Competitiveness. 20 3. 1. 5. The Importance of Providing Competitiveness . 20 3. 2. Business Functions and Competitiveness Relationship . 20 3. 2. 1. Research, Development (R&D) and Competitiveness. 20 3. 2. 1. 1. Innovation. 21 3. 2. 1. 2. Information . 21 3. 2. 1. 3. Technology. 21 3. 2. 1. 4. Speed and Flexibility. 22 3. 2. 1. 5. Strategic Event. 22 3. 2. 2. Marketing, Sales and Competitiveness. 22 3. 2. 2. 1. Be Customer Directional . 22 3. 2. 2. 2. Quality and Standards Compliance . 23 3. 2. 2. 3. Competitive Price . 23 3. 2. 2. 4. Export Share . 23 3. 2. 2. 5. Market Share . 24 3. 2. 2. 6. Developing Partnerships. 24 3. 2. 3. Production and Competitiveness. 25 3. 2. 3. 1. Product Quality. 25 3. 2. 3. 2. Cost Reduction . 25 3. 2. 3. 3. Efficiency. 26 3. 2. 3. 4. Flexibility in Production. 26 3. 2. 3. 5. Capacity Utilization Rates. 27 3. 2. 3. 6. Skilled Workforce. 27 3. 2. 3. 7. Continuity and Stability. 28 3. 3. Dimensions of Sustainable Competitiveness. 28 3. 3. 1. Differentiation Competitive Advantage. 28 3. 3. 2. Cost Leadership Competitive Edge. 29 3. 3. 3. Strategic Indecision. 29 3. 3. 4. Focus Competitive Edge . 30 3. 4. Competition Process Stages . 31 3. 4. 1. Determination of Competitive Intensity Stage. 31 3. 4. 1. 1. Determination of Competitors. 31 3. 4. 1. 2. Buyers. 31 3. 4. 1. 3. Suppliers. 32 3. 4. 1. 4. Subseding Products . 32 3. 4. 1. 5. The Struggle Between Competitors. 32 3. 4. 1. 6. Barriers to Entering the Market. 32 3. 4. 2. Stage of Analysis of Superiority and Weaknesses in Competition. 33 3. 4. 2. 1. Market Strategies. 33 3. 4. 2. 2. Innovation. 33 3. 4. 2. 4. Technology. 34 3. 5. Macroeconomic Policies and Competitiveness. 35 3. 5. 1. Personal Income Tax. 35 3. 5. 2. Total Tax Burden . 35 3. 5. 3. VAT Rates. 36 3. 5. 4. Public Expenditures . 37 3. 6. Developments Affecting Competitiveness. 38 3. 6. 1. Change of Demand Conditions. 38 3. 6. 2. Change of Production Conditions. 38 3. 6. 3. Connected and Support Industries . 38 3. 6. 4. Technological Change. 38 3. 6. 5. Competition Strategies. 39 3. 6. 6. Global Developments. 39 CHAPTER IV . 40 4. OPERATING PERFORMANCE . 40 4. 1. Business Performance Concepts. 40 4. 1. 1. Performance Concept. 40 4. 1. 2. Business Performance Concept. 40 4. 1. 4. The Importance of Business Performance . 41 4. 1. 5. Operating Performance and Objectives . 41 4. 1. 6. Performance Measurement Concept . 42 4. 1. 7. The Importance of Measuring Performance . 42 4. 1. 8. Purposes of Measuring Performance . 43 4. 2. Dimensions of Business Performance . 43 4. 2. 1. In-House Performance . 43 4. 2. 2. Financial Performance . 44 4. 2. 3. Marketing Performance. 44 4. 2. 4. Innovation Performance. 44 4. 2. 5. Production Performance. 45 4. 3. Performance Indicators. 45 4. 3. 1. Financial Indicators. 45 4. 3. 2. Technical Indicators. 46 4. 3. 3. Operational Indicators. 46 4. 4. Performance Measurement Models. 47 4. 4. 1. Hierarchical Models. 47 4. 4. 1. 1. Performance Pyramid (SMART Model) Model. 47 4. 4. 1. 2. Hronec Model. 47 4. 4. 1. 3. Du Pont Model . 48 4. 4. 2. Balanced Performance Measurement Models. 49 4. 4. 2. 1. Thor Model. 49 4. 4. 2. 2. Gilmore Model . 50 4. 4. 2. 3. Performance Prism . 50 4. 4. 2. 4. Balanced Scorecard BSC. 51 4. 4. 3. Value Chain and Process Models. 52 4. 4. 3. 1. Value Chain Model. 52 4. 4. 3. 2. Macro Process Model. 54 4. 4. 3. 3. Determinants and Results Matrix . 54 4. 4. 3. 4. Performance Measurement Matrix . 54 4. 5. Types of Business Performance . 55 4. 5. 1. Competition. 55 4. 5. 2. Efficiency. 56 4. 5. 3. Quality of Service . 56 4. 5. 4. Equity. 57 4. 5. 5. Innovation . 57 4. 5. 6. Activity. 58 4. 3. 7. Profitability . 58 CHAPTER V. 59 5. METHODOLOGY OF RESEARCH . 59 5. 1. Purpose of the Research . 59 5. 2. Importance of Research. 59 5. 3. Model. 60 5. 4. Hypotheses . 60 5. 5. Evren and Örneklem Universe and Sample. 61 5. 6. Data Collection Tools. 61 5. 7. Analysis of Data and Findings . 62 5. 7. 1. Reliability and Factor Analysis. 62 5. 7. 1. 1. Reliability Analysis and Confirmatory Factor Analysis for Organizational Climate Scale . 62 5. 7. 1. 2. Reliability Analysis and Confirmatory Factor Analysis for Sustainable Competitiveness Scale . 66 5. 7. 1. 3. Reliability Analysis and Confirmatory Factor Analysis for Business Performance Scale. 69 5. 7. 2. Frequency Analysis. 72 5. 7. 3. Correlation Analysis . 73 5. 7. 4. Regression Analysis. 74 5. 7. 4. 1. Regression Analysis for the Impact of Organizational Climate on Sustainable Competitiveness of Businesses. 74 5. 7. 4. 2. Regression Analysis for the Impact of Organizational Climate on Business Performance . 77 5. 7. 5. Anova Analysis. 82 5. 7. 5. 1. T-Test for the Relationship Between Gender and Organizational Climate, Sustainable Competition and Business Performance. 82 5. 7. 5. 2. T-Test for the Relationship Between Age and Organizational Climate, Sustainable Competition and Business Performance. 84 5. 7. 5. 3. F-Test for the Relationship Between Educational Status and Organizational Climate, Sustainable Competition and Business Performance. 86 5. 7. 5. 4. T-Test for the Relationship Between Marital Status and Organizational Climate, Sustainable Competition and Business Performance. 88 5. 7. 5. 5. F-Test for the Relationship Between Working Time and Organizational Climate, Sustainable Competition and Business Performance. 90 5. 8. Argument. 92 5. 9. Conclusion And Recommendations. 95 REFERENCES. 99 ATTACHMENTS . 110 SURVEY FORM. 110 Annex-A Personal Information. 110 Annex -B Organizational Climate Scale. 111 Annex -C Sustainable Competitiveness Scale . 112 Annex -D Business Performance . 113