Akademik Veri Yönetim Sistemi
Tezin Türü: Yüksek Lisans
Tezin Yürütüldüğü Kurum: İstanbul Ticaret Üniversitesi, Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü, Türkiye
Tezin Onay Tarihi: 2021
Tezin Dili: Türkçe
Öğrenci: OLA M. A. AGHA
Danışman: KELEŞ TAYŞİR NURGÜL
Özet:ABSTRACT Reverse Culture Shock (RCS) is concerned with the readaptation process to the home country the expatriates go through upon their return after leaving the host country. The purpose of this research is to undertake hypothesis testing to test whether the respondents faced reverse culture shock upon reentry and to establish the relationship between RCS and demographic factors of the respondents. A cross-sectional survey design is used to fulfill the objectives of the study. Primary data was collected from a sample of 136 respondents by completing an online questionnaire adopted from Seiter and Waddell (1989). The data is analyzed by the use of SPSS 25 using independent t-test and one-way ANOVA. The results indicate that the Business Administration/ MBA international students who participated in exchange programs and went back home do not differ significantly in their RCS regarding gender, age, education degree level, length of trip, and time since returning home. Finally, the results related to cultural intelligence and RCS show that there is a medium significant positive relationship between RCS and total cultural intelligence, motivational, behavioral, and cognitive cultural intelligence, while there is a weak non-significant positive relationship between RCS and metacognitive cultural intelligence. Keywords: Reverse culture shock, Business Administration/MBA, Exchange programs, Cultural intelligence, and Demographic factors. ÖZET Ters Kültür Şoku, expatların ev sahibi ülkeyi terk ettikten sonra döndüklerinde yaşadıkları ülkeye yeniden adaptasyon süreci ile ilgilidir. Bu araştırmanın amacı, katılımcıların ülkelerine döndüklerinde ters kültür şoku ile karşılaşıp karşılaşmadıklarını test etmek ve Ters Kültür Şoku ile katılımcıların demografik faktörleri arasında bir ilişki olup olmadığını test etmektir. Çalışmanın amaçlarını yerine getirmek için kesitsel bir anket tasarımı kullanılmıştır. Birincil veriler, literatürde de kullanılmış olan ölçeklerden yararlanılarak Seiter and Waddell (1989) online anket yöntemiyle 136 katılımcıdan oluşan bir örneklemeden toplanmıştır. Veriler, bağımsız t-testi ve tek yönlü ANOVA kullanılarak SPSS 25 kullanılarak analiz edilmiştir. Sonuçlar, değişim programlarına katılan ve eve dönen Uluslararası İşletme/MBA öğrencilerinin eğitim düzeylerine göre Ters Kültür Şoklarında önemli farklılıklar olduğunu göstermemektedir. Cinsiyet, yaş, seyahat süresi ve eve döndükten sonra geçen süre açısından Ters Kültür Şoklarında önemli ölçüde farklılık göstermemektedir. Son olarak, CQ ve RCS ile ilgili sonuçlar, RCS ile toplam CQ, motivasyonel, davranışsal ve bilişsel CQ arasında orta düzeyde anlamlı bir pozitif ilişki olduğunu, RCS ile üstbilişsel CQ arasında ise zayıf ve anlamlı olmayan bir pozitif ilişki olduğunu göstermektedir. Anahtar Kelimeler: Ters kültür şoku, İşletme/MBA, Değişim programları, Kültürel Zeka ve Demografik faktörler. TABLE OF CONTENTS Abstract Acknowledgment List of Tables List of Figures List of Abbreviations and Acronyms 1. INTRODUCTION………………………. ……………. …………. ……. …. 1 Introduction…………………………………. ………. …. …………. …. …. 1 1. 1 Background of the study………………………………………………………1 1. 2 Objectives of the Study……. ………………………. ……………. 2 1. 2. 1 Main Objectives………………………………………………………. 2 1. 2. 2 Specific Objective……………………………………………………. …2 1. 3 Significance and Justification of The Study………………………………. …. 2 1. 4 Organization of the Paper…………………………………………. ………. …. 3 2. LITERATURE REVIEW………………………………. …………. …………4 Introduction……………………………………………. ………. …. …………. 4 2. 1 Studying abroad……………………………………………………………. …. 4 2. 1. 1 Exchange Students Definition…………………………. ………………. 4 2. 1. 2 Erasmus Student Network……………. …………………………. ………. 5 2. 1. 3 Erasmus+Program………………………………………. ………. …… 6 2. 2 Acculturation and Re-acculturation…………………. …………………. …. …. 7 2. 3 Cross-Cultural Adaptation…. ……………………. …. …………………. …. 8 2. 3. 1 Sociocultural Adaptation. ……………………. …………. …. …. ………9 2. 3. 2 Psychological Adaptation……………. …………. ……. …. ……. 10 2. 3. 3 U-curve Model of Cultural Adaptation…………………. …. ………. ……10 2. 3. 4 Culture Shock………………………………………. ………. ……. ……. 12 2. 3. 4. 1 Previous Studies about Culture Shock…………. …. ………. ……13 2. 4 Cross-Cultural Readaptation……………………………………………. ………15 2. 4. 1 W-Curve Model of Cultural Adaptation…………………………. …. …. 17 2. 4. 1. 1 Stages of W-Curve………………………………. ………………. 17 2. 4. 2 Reverse Culture Shock………………………………………. ……. ………18 2. 4. 2. 1 Difficulties faced with Reverse Culture Shock…. ……. ……19 2. 4. 2. 2 Previous Studies about Reverse Culture Shock……. …. …. 21 2. 4. 3 Reentry Theories ………………………………………………. …. …. …. 23 2. 4. 3. 1 Affective aspect ………………………. ………………. …. ……23 2. 4. 3. 2 Behavioral aspect…………………………. ……………. …. …. …. 24 2. 4. 3. 3 Cognitive aspect……………………………. …. ………. ……. …24 2. 5 Cultural Intelligence………………………………………. ………. ……………26 2. 5. 1 Motivational Cultural Intelligence …………………. ………. …. ………. 26 2. 5. 2 Behavioral Cultural Intelligence……………………………. ……………26 2. 5. 3 Cognitive Cultural Intelligence…………………………………. …. ……26 2. 5. 4 Meta-cognitive Cultural Intelligence…………………. ………. …. ……. 26 2. 5. 5 Previous studies on Cultural Intelligence and Cultural Adaptation…. …. 27 2. 6 Conclusion…………………………………………. …………. ……. ………27 3. RESEARCH METHODOLOGY………………………………. ………. …………. 28 Introduction……………………………………. ……………………. ………………. 28 3. 1 Research Design……………………………………. …………………. ……………28 3. 2 Data Collection Process………………………………………………. ……………29 3. 3 Sampling Technique…………………………………………………. ……………. 29 3. 4 Instrument for Data Collection…………………………………. ………. …………. 30 3. 4. 1 Validity and Reliability of the Instrument………………. ………. ……………30 3. 4. 1. 1 Validity of the Instrument……………………………. …………. 31 3. 4. 1. 1. 1 Content Validity……………………………. ………. ……………. 31 3. 4. 1. 1. 2 Criterion-Related Validity…………………………………. ……. 31 3. 4. 1. 1. 3 Construct Validity……………………………………. …. ………. 32 3. 4. 1. 2 Reliability of the Instrument………………………. ………. ………. ………32 3. 5 Unit of Analysis and Time Horizon………………………………………. …………33 3. 6 Research Questions and Hypotheses…………. ……………………. …………. ……33 3. 7 Data Analysis Methods………………………. ……………. ……. ………. ………35 3. 8 Ethical Consideration………………………. ……………………. ………………36 3. 9 Conclusion……………………………. ……………………. ………………………37 4. RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONS…………………. …………………………………. 38 Introduction……………………. ……………………. …………. 38 4. 1 Demographic Characteristics of Respondents. 38 4. 2 Relationship Between RCS and Demographic Factors………. ………………. ………40 4. 3 Relationship Between RCS and Cultural Intelligence…………. …………. …………48 4. 4 Conclusion. 53 5. CONCLUSION, LIMITATIONS, AND RECOMMENDATIONS . 57 5. 1 Conclusion. 57 5. 2 Limitations . 58 5. 3 Recommendations. 58 REFERENCES. 60 APPENDICES. 68