QSignature 1.0: A Dynamical Regime Classification Framework for Causal Time Series Data


Muhammad A., Danbatta S. J., Isah M. A., Muhammad I. Y., Ahmad S. S., Ghozlan A.

14th International Symposium on Digital Forensics and Security, ISDFS 2026, Massachusetts, Amerika Birleşik Devletleri, 19 - 20 Mart 2026, (Tam Metin Bildiri)

  • Yayın Türü: Bildiri / Tam Metin Bildiri
  • Doi Numarası: 10.1109/isdfs69419.2026.11459049
  • Basıldığı Şehir: Massachusetts
  • Basıldığı Ülke: Amerika Birleşik Devletleri
  • Anahtar Kelimeler: causal response, dynamical systems, ECU-MALNETT, forensic analysis, linear time-invariant systems, open-source code, persistence timescales, regime classification, Δsu
  • İstanbul Ticaret Üniversitesi Adresli: Evet

Özet

The causal response of a system to external perturbation encodes its governing dynamical signature. When only the output response R(t) is observable without knowledge of the input or a parametric model, inferring the system class remains a fundamental challenge. This work introduces two persistence timescale estimators, τs and τu, which yield two scalar diagnostics, Δsu= (τs-τu) / τu and Rsu=τs/ τu. These diagnostics provide a fingerprint of linear time-invariant dynamical systems. Evaluation on 49 canonical systems yields five distinct regions in the (Δsu, Rsu) plane (QSpace): exponential monotonic, fractional, underdamped, weakly damped, and conservative oscillatory. The framework admits direct physical interpretation: Δsu varies monotonically with the damping ratio ζ, and negative Rsu signals centroid reversal in weakly damped systems. Crucially, we applied the framework to real-world forensic data, analyzing 20 malware execution traces from the ECU-MALNETT corpus, which contains 20,500 samples across 58 families, focusing on APT28, APT29, and Lazarus families, Packet-rate analysis reveals distinct behavioral fingerprints: APT29 exhibits weakly damped beaconing (Δsu ≈-1.14, Rsu ≈-0.14), APT28 shows extreme oscillatory activity (Δsu<-2.0), and Lazarus spans multiple regimes, all distinguishable purely from timing signatures without deep packet inspection. The QSignature library implementing these estimators is available on GitHub.