Quantitative Assessment of the Carbon Footprint of a Four-Star Hotel in Türkiye over the Period 2022–2024
SUSTAINABILITY, cilt.18, sa.17, ss.1-30, 2026 (Scopus)
- Yayın Türü: Makale / Tam Makale
- Cilt numarası: 18 Sayı: 17
- Basım Tarihi: 2026
- Doi Numarası: 10.3390/su18178612
- Dergi Adı: SUSTAINABILITY
- Derginin Tarandığı İndeksler: Scopus
- Sayfa Sayıları: ss.1-30
- Açık Arşiv Koleksiyonu: AVESİS Açık Erişim Koleksiyonu
- İstanbul Ticaret Üniversitesi Adresli: Evet
Özet
This study provides a comprehensive quantitative assessment of the carbon footprint of a four-star hotel in Istanbul, Türkiye, spanning the period from 2022 to 2024, to identify critical operational emission drivers. Methodologically grounded in ISO 14064-1 and the Greenhouse Gas Protocol, the research integrates direct (Scope 1), indirect energy (Scope 2), and selected value-chain (Scope 3) emissions. The operational data underwent rigorous uncertainty and sensitivity analyses, alongside multi-tier benchmarking against global, climatic, and regional datasets. Findings reveal that total emissions increased from 1444.93 tCO2e in 2022 to 1592.61 tCO2e in 2024, predominantly driven by grid-connected electricity, which accounted for approximately 47.1% of the total footprint in 2024. Key operational hotspots include the continuous baseload energy demands of mechanical rooms and lifts, fugitive R-404A refrigerant leakage, and Scope 3 impacts from red meat procurement and organic waste. Furthermore, sensitivity analyses confirmed the footprint’s high elasticity to the national grid’s carbon intensity. Despite the facility outperforming benchmarked peers in overall eco-efficiency, the study concludes with actionable, stratified recommendations for facility engineers, hotel operators, and tourism policymakers to overcome technical, supply-chain, and grid-level barriers to decarbonization.